What does radius refer to in crane operations?

In crane operations, the term "radius" specifically refers to the horizontal distance from the crane's center of rotation to the load's center of gravity. This distance is crucial in determining the crane's stability and lifting capacity. When the load is extended further away from the center of the crane, it creates a larger radius, which can increase the risk of tipping, as the moment created by the load's weight must be balanced by the crane's design and counterweights. Understanding this radius is essential for safe and effective crane operation, as it influences how much weight the crane can safely lift at different distances.

The other options relate to different aspects of crane operation but do not define radius effectively. For instance, height and vertical distance pertain to lifting dynamics, while the swinging distance focuses on maneuverability rather than the critical concept of radius in relation to stability and weight distribution.